Europe

DE / eWpG (Electronic Securities Act)

DE·EWPG

Germany’s eWpG lets you issue electronic securities (including crypto-securities) with legal equivalence to paper certificates, recorded either in a central electronic register or a crypto-securities register. Operating…

eWpG (Gesetz über elektronische Wertpapiere, 2021–)BaFin licensing for crypto-securities registrars & custody

EU Data Protection & Privacy-Enhancing Technologies

EU·DATA-PROTECTION

The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) establish data protection obligations that apply to crypto entities alongside MiCA requirements. While MiCA regulates…

GDPR (EU 2016/679)DORA (EU 2022/2554)MiCA (EU 2023/1114)

EU / MiCA

EU·MICA

The EU provides a single passport under MiCA for Crypto-Asset Service Provider (CASPs) and token issuers with detailed, prescriptive rules. Stablecoins (Asset-Referenced Tokens (ARTs)/E-Money Tokens (EMTs)) were the…

MiCA (Reg. (EU) 2023/1114) — ART/EMT from 2024-06-30; CASP rules from 2024-12-30EU Transfer of Funds Regulation “Travel Rule” (applies to crypto by 2024-12-31)DORA (EU 2022/2554) — ICT risk, applicable from 2025-01-17

Americas

APAC

Multi-jurisdiction